Evaluation of farnesol orally and topically against experimental cutaneous leishmaniasis: In -vivo analysis.

Leishmaniasis is a zoonotic disease transmitted by an obligate intra-macrophage protozoan of the genus Leishmania through the infective bite of a vector sandfly. This study investigated the therapeutic efficacy of farnesol, a sesquiterpene compound, for the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) using in vivo BALB/c mouse model. In this study, farnesol's efficacy was compared with the standard drug, paromomycin. It was observed that farnesol significantly reduced lesion sizes and footpad thickness compared to the control group (paromomycin). Lymph node size was also significantly reduced in farnesol-treated mice, indicating its ability to control infection spread. Combination therapy with farnesol and Paromomycin did not demonstrate synergistic effects. These results highlight the potential of farnesol as an alternative therapeutic agent for CL. Further investigations are required to elucidate its mechanism of action and assess potential off-target effects. Optimization of oral delivery methods should be explored to enhance bioavailability. Overall, our findings support farnesol's efficacy in CL treatment, offering promising prospects for improved disease management.

Tyrosinase inhibitor-loaded microsponge drug delivery system: new approach for hyperpigmentation disorders.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present investigation was to design and formulate appropriate form of glabridin, using microsponge drug delivery system. METHOD: Microsponges were prepared by emulsion solvent evaporation method and characterized by drug loading, infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. In vitro diffusion studies of gel formulation were performed using ethanol: phosphate buffer (1:1) mixture as receptor medium. Animal studies were carried out using brownish guinea pigs with UV-induced pigmentation model. RESULTS: Prepared microsponges were predominantly yellowish, free-flowing and spherical in shape. The infrared spectra revealed the absence of drug polymer interaction. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and porosity studies confirmed spherical and porous nature. In vitro release studies data depicted highest correlation with Higuchi treatment. Animal studies also supported the better depigmenting activity as compared to plain gel. CONCLUSION: Glabridin microsponge-loaded gel could be efficacious in treating various hyperpigmentation disorders.

Unilateral cerebellar hypoplasia.

Unilateral cerebellar hypoplasia is a relatively rare malformation. We report the case of a 7-year-old boy who presented with a history of a fall, which was followed by cerebellar signs. Imaging findings suggested a diagnosis of unilateral cerebellar hypoplasia. The child recovered with conservative management, probably because the cerebellar signs were due to the trauma and not the hypoplasia itself.